1. Rights Protected by the U.S. Constitution

Even if you are not a U.S. citizen, you still hold many essential constitutional rights:

• Freedom of Speech & Religious Practice
  You are free to express your views and practice your religion under the First Amendment.
• Due Process & Equal Protection
  The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments guarantee fair legal procedures and equality under the law—regardless of immigration status.
• Criminal Protections
  If you are accused of a crime, you have the right to:

• Remain silent and not self-incriminate (Miranda rights)
• Consult an attorney, and if you cannot afford one, to have one appointed
• A fair trial by jury, legal representation, and protection from cruel or unusual punishment

2. Rights Specific to Immigration Proceedings

• Right to be Notified of Charges
  You must be served with a “Notice to Appear” before any removal proceedings.
• Right to a Hearing
  You are entitled to defend yourself in front of an Immigration Judge.
• Right to Legal Counsel
  While attorneys aren’t provided by the government, you have the right to hire one.
• Right to Appeal
  You may appeal adverse rulings to the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) and, in some cases, federal court.

3. Rights to Public Benefits & Services

Depending on your immigration status and program eligibility, you may qualify for benefits like:

• Emergency medical assistance
• Certain social services
• Educational programs (e.g., public K–12, ESL classes)
  However, non-citizens are largely ineligible for Social Security benefits, food stamps, Medicaid (except in emergencies), and other federal programs unless specifically authorized.